Electromagnetic Induction Simulator - Physics, Faraday's Law & Lenz's Law

Electromagnetic Induction Simulator

Created by Ir. MD Nursyazwi

Explore the principles of electromagnetic induction with enhanced, more realistic visuals. Observe the dynamic magnetic field, the induced electric field, and the flow of current as you manipulate the circuit controls.

How to Use the Simulator

This interactive simulator is a powerful tool to visualize **Faraday's Law of Induction** and **Lenz's Law**. Use the controls to manipulate the simulation and see the direct impact on induced voltage and current.

1. Use the Sliders to Influence Induction

• **Number of Coil Turns:** This slider changes the number of loops in the coil. According to Faraday's Law, increasing the number of turns will directly increase the induced voltage and current.
• **Magnet Strength:** This controls the strength of the magnet's magnetic field. A stronger magnet creates a greater magnetic flux, leading to a larger induced voltage.
• **Magnet Speed:** The speed determines the rate of change of magnetic flux. A faster magnet will generate a much larger induced voltage and current.
• **Induced Voltage Multiplier:** This is a scaling factor to help you see the effect of subtle changes more clearly. It's a simple way to boost the output of the simulation.

2. Change the Circuit Load Type

The induced current flows through a load, and you can see how different components behave:

• **Light Bulb:** The most visual load! The brightness of the bulb is directly proportional to the magnitude of the induced current.
• **Battery:** This allows you to see how the induced current can charge a battery. A positive current will increase the battery's charge, while a negative current will decrease it.
• **Resistors:** This option demonstrates **Ohm's Law**. You can configure the resistors in **series** or **parallel** to see how the total resistance affects the induced current.

3. Control the Simulation

• **Start:** Begins the magnet's motion and the simulation.
• **Stop:** Pauses the magnet and freezes the simulation.
• **Reset:** Returns all parameters and the simulation state to their initial values.

Controls

Induced Voltage Multiplier: 1.0x

Number of Coil Turns: 10 turns

Magnet Strength: 5 units

Magnet Speed: 10 units/s

Load Type: Light Bulb Battery Resistors

Circuit Type: Series Parallel

Number of Resistors: 1 resistor

Individual Resistance: 20 Ω

Battery Capacity: 500 Ah

Simulation Area

Induced Voltage:

0.00 V

Induced Current:

0.00 A

Total Resistance:

0.00 Ω

Battery Charge:

0 / 500 Ah

Time to Full Charge:

N/A

Galvanometer Graph

Voltage Current

Charging Time Graph

Charging Time

Science Explained: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction is the fundamental principle behind electric generators, transformers, and induction motors. Discovered by Michael Faraday, this process describes how a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current in a conductor.

Faraday's Law of Induction

Faraday's Law states that the induced voltage (or electromotive force) in a circuit is directly proportional to the **rate of change of magnetic flux**. Think of magnetic flux as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area. The faster this number changes, the higher the voltage generated.

This relationship can be expressed with the following formula:

Voltage = - N * (Rate of Change of Magnetic Flux)

Let's break down each component of this equation:

• **Voltage (E):** The induced voltage that drives the current.
• **N:** The **Number of Coil Turns**. As you can see in the formula, if you increase the number of turns in the coil, you directly increase the induced voltage.
• **Rate of Change of Magnetic Flux:** This is the key part of the law. It's not the strength of the magnetic field itself, but how quickly it's changing in relation to the coil. A faster-moving magnet (a higher rate of change) produces a larger voltage.
• **The negative sign:** This is a crucial element that represents **Lenz's Law**. It tells us the direction of the induced voltage.

Lenz's Law

Lenz's Law explains the direction of the induced current. It states that an induced current will flow in a direction that creates a magnetic field to **oppose** the very change that produced it.

In simpler terms:

• When you push the magnet **into** the coil, the induced current creates its own magnetic field that **pushes back** against the magnet.
• When you pull the magnet **out of** the coil, the induced current creates a magnetic field that **pulls the magnet back in**.

This opposition is why the negative sign is so important in Faraday's formula.

References

• Blog Post: The Phenomenological Basis of Electromagnetic Induction
• Electronic Component on AliExpress
• Physics Textbook on Amazon
• Blog Post: Investigation into the Linear Motor
• Electronic Component on AliExpress
• Electronic Component on AliExpress
• Physics Textbook on Amazon